īehavioral strategies associated with mimetism and camouflage in fish have been widely studied, and the phenomenon is relatively well documented in both freshwater and marine species. However, the specific mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are still poorly understood, especially in the case of plant mimesis, due to the difficulties of conducting systematic observations under field conditions. The analysis of the anti-predatory behavior and coloration in fish can provide useful insights for the understanding of the ecological and evolutionary relationships among different species, e.g., fish-plant mimics, given that these behavior patterns have been associated with the population dynamics of a number of different fish species. īreder first discussed the evolutionary importance of this type of behavior, based on observations of a number of different fish species, including mangrove-dwelling forms, such as the carangids Oligoplites saurus and Trachinotus falcatus, which were observed drifting in the water, together with debris (leaves, seeds) derived from the mangrove forest. The family Carangidae is a cosmopolitan group that inhabits tropical and warm-temperate waters, and contributes approximately 5% of commercial fishery catches worldwide. The natural history of the carangids is still poorly understood, even in the case of the commercially important species, and particularly for the juvenile stages. While some species are known to be plant-mimetic while in the juvenile stage, only a few descriptive data are available. The analysis of the shape of an organism can provide important insights into its ecological and evolutionary characteristics. Recent studies have employed complex tools, such as geometrical morphometric modeling and ecomorphological analyses, to understand the developmental and ontogenetic dynamics of the body shape of a number of organisms, including mimetic fish. Publish a draft or live post, right from the Hemingway Editor.In the present study, these tools were employed to estimate the developmental stage at which the juveniles of the sympatric carangids Oligoplites palometa, O.
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